Resumen La literatura ha señalado la contribución clave de los programas de desarrollo profesional continuo (DPC) en la reforma curricular. En Latinoamérica, existe una creciente preocupación por la relación universidad-escuela, mayormente relacionada con el DPC de los docentes. En Chile, la relación universidad-escuela se plantea en los discursos institucionales como una meta deseable de desarrollo profesional, no obstante, esta importancia es menos reconocida en la práctica. Teniendo en cuenta que la subjetividad de los formadores de docentes en la educación superior apenas se explora en la literatura sobre formación de docentes, surge la pregunta de quiénes son los formadores de docentes involucrados en los programas de DPC. Con un enfoque cualitativo y utilizando una estrategia dialógica, estudiamos las reuniones de diseño de un equipo universitario de formadores de docentes que lideran un programa de DPC en ciencias. Los hallazgos muestran que las características de la subjetividad de los formadores de docentes producida en torno a la interacción entre la escuela y la educación superior, su relación entre ellos, las condiciones de la universidad y su percepción de los docentes. Se discuten las implicaciones para la investigación y la práctica.

Abstract A large body of knowledge agrees about the central contribution of continuous professional development (CPD) programmes to support curriculum reform. In Latin-American, there is growing concern about the university-school relationship, mostly related to the CPD of teachers. In Chile, the relationship university-school is posed in institutional discourses as a desirable goal of professional development, but still, the importance is less recognised in practice. Considering the teacher educators’ subjectivity in higher education is barely explored in the teacher education literature leaves the question of who are the teacher educators involved in CPD programmes? Taking a qualitative approach and using a dialogical strategy, we study the design meetings of a university team/teacher educators leading a science CPD programme. Findings show salient features of the teacher educators’ subjectivity produced around the interaction between the school and the higher education sector, their relationship among themselves, the conditions of the university, and their perception of schoolteachers. Implications to research and practice are discussed.

RESUMO Racional: A gastrectomia laparoscópica tem numerosas vantagens perioperatórias, mas a sobrevivência em longo prazo após este procedimento tem sido menos estudada. Objetivo: Comparar resultados de sobrevivência, oncológica e perioperatória entre a gastrectomia completamente laparoscópica vs. aberta para câncer gástrico precoce. Método: Este estudo foi retrospectivo e os principais resultados foram a sobrevivência global e específica de cinco anos, contagem de linfonodos e taxa de ressecção R0. Resultado secundário foi a morbidade pós-operatória. Resultados: Foram incluídos 116 pacientes (59% homens, idade 68 anos, comorbidades 73%, IMC 25) que foram submetidos a 50 gastrectomias laparoscópicas e 66 gastrectomias abertas. As características demográficas, a localização do tumor, o tipo de operação, a extensão da dissecção dos linfonodos e do estágio não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos. A taxa geral de complicações foi semelhante em ambos os grupos (40% vs. 28%, p=ns) e complicações classificadas Clavien 2 (36% vs. 18%, p=0,03), respiratórias (9% vs. 0%, p=0,03) e as da parede abdominal (12% vs. 0%, p=0,009) foram significativamente menores após a gastrectomia laparoscópica. A contagem de linfonodos (21 contra 23, p=ns) e a taxa de ressecção R0 (100% vs. 96%; p=ns) não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos. A sobrevida global de cinco anos (84% vs. 87%, p=0,31) e a sobrevida específica (93% vs. 98%, p=0,20) não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos de gastrectomia laparoscópica e aberta. Conclusão: Estes resultados suportam resultados oncológicos similares e sobrevida em longo prazo para pacientes com câncer gástrico precoce após gastrectomia laparoscópica e gastrectomia aberta. Além disso, a abordagem laparoscópica está associada com morbidade menos grave e menor ocorrência de complicações respiratórias e da parede abdominal.

ABSTRACT Background: Laparoscopic gastrectomy has numerous perioperative advantages, but the long-term survival of patients after this procedure has been less studied. Aim: To compare survival, oncologic and perioperative outcomes between completely laparoscopic vs. open gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Methods: This study was retrospective, and our main outcomes were the overall and disease-specific 5-year survival, lymph node count and R0 resection rate. Our secondary outcome was postoperative morbidity. Results: Were included 116 patients (59% men, age 68 years, comorbidities 73%, BMI 25) who underwent 50 laparoscopic gastrectomies and 66 open gastrectomies. The demographic characteristics, tumour location, type of surgery, extent of lymph node dissection and stage did not significantly differ between groups. The overall complication rate was similar in both groups (40% vs. 28%, p=ns), and complications graded at least Clavien 2 (36% vs. 18%, p=0.03), respiratory (9% vs. 0%, p=0.03) and wound-abdominal wall complications (12% vs. 0%, p=0.009) were significantly lower after laparoscopic gastrectomy. The lymph node count (21 vs. 23 nodes; p=ns) and R0 resection rate (100% vs. 96%; p=ns) did not significantly differ between groups. The 5-year overall survival (84% vs. 87%, p=0.31) and disease-specific survival (93% vs. 98%, p=0.20) did not significantly differ between the laparoscopic and open gastrectomy groups. Conclusion: The results of this study support similar oncologic outcome and long-term survival for patients with early gastric cancer after laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy. In addition, the laparoscopic approach is associated with less severe morbidity and a lower occurrence of respiratory and wound-abdominal wall complications.